Medical and Surgical Nursing Board Exam Questions
Nursing Board Exam Review Questions in Cardiovascular System Part 5/20
(ANSWER KEY)
1. Answer: B
Rationale: 2000 calories. There are 9 calories in each gram of fat and 4 calories in each gram of carbohydrate and protein.
2. Answer: D
Rationale: Increased pulse rate
Fever causes an increase in the body’s metabolism, which results in an increase in oxygen consumption and demand. This need for oxygen increases the heart rate, which is reflected in the increased pulse rate. Increased BP, chest pain and shortness of breath are not typically noted in fever.
3. Answer: B
Rationale: Refocus the conversation on his fears, frustrations and anger about his condition. This provides the opportunity for the client to verbalize feelings underlying behavior and helpful in relieving anxiety. Anxiety can be a stressor which can activate the sympathoadrenal response causing the release of catecholamines that can increase cardiac contractility and workload that can further increase myocardial oxygen demand.
4. Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated STsegments This is a typical early finding after a myocardial infarct because of the altered contractility of the heart. The other choices are not typical of MI.
5. Answer: C
Rationale: CK-MB. The cardiac marker, Creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) isoenzyme levels, especially the MB sub-unit which is cardio-specific, begin to rise in 3-6 hours, peak in 12-18 hours and are elevated 48 hours after the occurrence of the infarct. They are therefore most reliable in assisting with early diagnosis. The cardiac markers elevate as a result of myocardial tissue damage.
6. Answer: B
Rationale: Relieves pain and decreases level of anxiety. Morphine is a specific central nervous system depressant used to relieve the pain associated with myocardial infarction. It also decreases anxiety and apprehension and prevents cardiogenic shock by decreasing myocardial oxygen demand.
7. Answer: A
Rationale: 60 microdrops/minute
2 gm=2000 mgm
2000 mgm/500 cc = 4 mgm/x cc
2000x = 2000
x= 2000/2000 = 1 cc of IV solution/minute
CC x 60 microdrops = 60 microdrops/minute
8. Answer: D
Rationale: The primary goal in the management of CVA is to improve cerebral tissue perfusion. Aspirin is a platelet deaggregator used in the prevention of recurrent or embolic stroke but is not used in the acute management of a completed stroke as it may lead to bleeding.
9. Answer: D
Rationale: Angiography involves the threading of a catheter through an artery which can cause trauma to the endothelial lining of the blood vessel. The platelets are attracted to the area causing thrombi formation. This is further enhanced by the slowing of blood flow caused by flexion of the affected extremity. The affected extremity must be kept straight and immobilized during the duration of the bedrest after the procedure. Ice bag can be applied intermittently to the puncture site.
10. Answer: C
Rationale: Using ratio and proportion 8 mg/10 mg = X minims/15 minims 10 X= 120 X = 12 minims The nurse will administer 12 minims intravenously equivalent to 8mg Morphine Sulfate
Click Here to View the Questions
