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Nursing Board Exam Review Questions in Cardiovascular System Part 4/20
(ANSWER KEY)
1. Answer: B
Rationale: Administering stool softeners every day will prevent straining on defecation which causes the Valsalva maneuver. If constipation occurs then laxatives would be necessary to prevent straining. If straining on defecation produced the valsalva maneuver and rhythm disturbances resulted then antidysrhythmics would be appropriate.
2. Answer: D
Rationale: “I smoke 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes per day.” Smoking has been considered as one of the major modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease. Exercise and maintaining normal serum cholesterol levels help in its prevention.
3. Answer: D
Rationale: The client should be advised by the nurse to avoid contact sports. This will prevent trauma to the area of the pacemaker generator.
4. Answer: B
Rationale: Canned foods are generally rich in sodium content as salt is used as the main preservative.
5. Answer: D
Rationale: Angina pectoris is caused by myocardial ischemia related to decrease coronary blood supply. Giving nitroglycerine will produce coronary vasodilation that improves the coronary blood flow in 3 – 5 mins. If the chest pain is unrelieved, after three tablets, there is a possibility of acute coronary occlusion that requires immediate medical attention.
6. Answer: D
Rationale: Administration of Intravenous Nitroglycerin infusion requires pump for accurate control of medication.
7. Answer: D
Rationale: A cardiac glycoside such as digitalis increases force of cardiac contraction decreases the conduction speed of impulses within the myocardium and slows the heart rate.
8. Answer: D
Rationale: Ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This is the site of action of Lasix being a potent loop diuretic.
9. Answer: B
Rationale: Dyspnea on exertion. Pulmonary congestion and edema occur because of fluid extravasation from the pulmonary capillary bed, resulting in difficult breathing. Left-sided heart failure creates a backward effect on the pulmonary system that leads to pulmonary congestion.
10. Answer: B
Rationale: Restriction of sodium reduces the amount of water retention that reduces the cardiac workload
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